Stainless Steel 330 (X12NiCrSi36-16):Cutting conditions, Recommended Carbide Grades, Equivalent Material Standards, and Chemical Composition. Bend allowance with a K-Factor is calculated as follows: BA=pi (R + KT) A/180. where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. From the diagram above, with the relative rougness and the Reynolds number - the friction factor can be estimated to aprox. VK Number: VK630. Specific Heat Capacity of Metals Table Chart . 09 r/d<0. Example - Allowable Pressure in a Steel Pipe. 2, θ = σ 0. AISI 304 is also commonly known as 18/8 steel as it contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. There are three widely used Monel alloys, namely 400, R-405, and K-500. In fire protection system, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from the fire sprinkler (sprinkler head), water mist nozzle, or deluge fire system nozzles. The pressure drop calculations. , the temperature difference, ΔT): h = q / (Ts - K) where: q: amount of heat required (Heat Flux), W/m2 i. How to link the K-Factor and Sheet Metal Rule Style being used to the drawing. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. Product code: ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. Document. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. The pressure drop calculations are based on the D'Arcy-Weisbach Equation with the following parameters: Pipe : Steel Pipe - Schedule 40. T = material thickness. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. The addition of molybdenum can provide pitting resistance in phosphoric acid and acetic acid and dilute chloride solutions and. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. R = Inside Bend Radius; A = Bending Angle; T = Sheet Thickness; K = Value of K-Factor. 33 K factor 0. 5 = 2. The K-factor approximations given below are more likely to be accurate for air bending than the other types of bending due to the lower forces involved in the forming process. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. But when it comes to entering K Factor for Mild Steel and Stainless Steel it gets confusing as this affects the blank size. We specialize in the highest quality commercial and residential stainless steel and aluminum fabrication and repair. 75 *10-6/K 17. Land Angle: Positive. Carbon steel in a broader sense sometimes. 8 mm mild steel sheet with a 0. T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. From our testing, the K-factor without lubrication is all over the board. The value of k is 0. Using the data as input in our bend allowance calculator, we obtain: T = K D F/12. Here we need to discuss: Non-Lubricated Bolts (a. 15. They consist about 4-30% of chromium. MRR = . works across most material types. Contains molybdenum which increases corrosion resistance to chlorides and phosphates. 13 - Stainless steel Martensitic, Quenched & Tempered: 1875: 272: 0. K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. μ = Ff / Fn. Davis, Davis & Associates (Ed. The K-factor is the most popular way of calculating the bend allowance and bend deduction, but there are multiple ways that this calculation can be done. In most cases for built-up metal cladding, ∆U’’ = 0. AISI 301 Stainless Steel (UNS S30100) AISI 301 stainless steel (UNS S30100) is the most susceptible to cold deformation strengthening among conventional austenitic stainless steels. 2 5. 5 - 7. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. Therefore, the K factor remains constant. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. com K factor depends on material, thickness and machine. Next we use the pull-down menu to select the appropriate table. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). Learn more about carbide inserts Cutting-Edge Geometry Parameters. Tables for pipe roughness and kinematic viscosity are also included. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 3-0. The coefficient of friction between mating threads. 4 mm. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. 50 by default. 304 Stainless Steel. 3 - 1. Very often what people use is some general data that may or may not be close enough. Working Pressure: 175 psi (12 bar) Material Specifications Fusible Link: Beryllium Nickel Sprinkler Body: Brass Alloy Levers: Bronze Alloy Yoke: Brass Alloy Sealing washer: Nickel with PTFE Load Screw: Bronze Alloy Towers: Copper Alloy Pins: Stainless Steel Deflector: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel. Sheet Metal Bending Calculator. The density of stainless steel 304 is 7. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. Thermal Conductivity - Online Converter Convert between thermal conductivity units. Other applications include fasteners and screens for the mining industry. First, we choose the option to use a gauge table. If a K-factor is 0. kFactor iProperties. The centerline of the sprinkler waterway is located 7/16 in. 6–0. e. (Learn proper lubrication techniques in our Level 1 course — now available free. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. 33 K factor 0. If you have a bend allowance you can calculator the K factor from it. 0. 33 K factor 0. Grade 317 stainless steel is a modified version of 316 stainless steel. It is mainly used for its excellent corrosion and temperature resistance and is especially valued for applications in the marine and chemical processing industries. The K factor is directly related to how much material is stretched during the bend. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. Bend Deduction Chart K factor 0. Examples of steel grades that fall into this category include 17Cr-7Ni-A1, 15Cr- 9Ni -A1, 17Cr-5Ni-Mo, and 15Cr-8Ni-Mo-A1. It has units of m 2 /s. Silver Fern Stainless is a Victoria-based business specializing in the highest quality stainless steel and aluminum. The K-factor in sheet metal bending represents the ratio between the thickness of the metal and an invisible line called the “neutral axis. The K-factor for stainless steel (AISI 316) is indeed smaller than the value for AISI 304 small. 0 (115 metric) Max. I. 35 K = 0. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. In Machinery’s Handbook, the K-factor for mild cold-rolled steel with 60,000-PSI tensile strength is 0. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. Generally, linear thermal expansion is most applicable to solids. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. The K-factor is the frequency divided by the flow rate => [1/s] / [g/s] = 1/g. Sponsored Links. So what is the perfect K Factor for the Mild Steel and Stainless Steel? The “K” factor variation ranging from 0. e. , in. Absolute Roughness for Common Materials. 0. Virgin steel 1kg = 3. less steel types are designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute as standard compositions. Fanning Friction Factor. One item of note: The K factor found in the "Machinists Handbook" (Industrial Press Inc. R. Use K-Factor Calculator to calculate k factor values. Multiple escutcheon options allow up to 1/2-inch (12,7-mm. For example, the UL Listing is based on the requirements of NFPA 13, and the FM Approval isYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. To determine allowable working pressure at elevated temperatures, multiply allowable working pressures from Tables 2 throughBend Allowance Chart K factor 0. 80, [7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS , and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. 6mm (24- gauge), weighing about 136 tonnes. These market insights include five-year forecasts of production, consumption, and prices. K = K-Factor, which is t / T. Using the table of fittings and K. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. 33: K factor:. 1% carbon by weight and is known for its high strength, hardness, and ductility. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. Greater resistance to the elements than 304 stainless. 17 8. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form. AISI 316L stainless steel is a modified ultra-low carbon Cr-Ni-Mo series austenitic stainless steel based on AISI 316. 012". Canvas belt, woven, on steel. 6 K-factor, Upright (TY315) and Pendent (TY325) Sprinklers are intended for fire protec-tion systems designed in accordance with the standard installation rules recognized by the applicable Listing or Approval agency. (363 metric*) * Metric K-factor measurement shown is in bar. . The Hazen–Williams equation has the advantage that the coefficient C is not a function of the Reynolds number , but it has the disadvantage that it is only valid for water . 03 : Corrugated metal : 45 : 0. When selecting a stainless steel for any corrosive environment, it is always best to consult with a corrosion engineer and, if possible, conduct tests in the environment involved under actual operating conditions. factor (kg CO2eq per unit) Uncertainty Conversion Gas GWP GWP CH4 kg 0%25. r. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. The higher price for stainless steel fasteners and stainless steel nuts comes from the process of making stainless. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. (5. 7 W/(m K). To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. Effect of low-temperature on mechanical behavior for an AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. The friction factor for rough pipes can be expressed in a form similar to that for smooth pipe as:D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. 000013 : Commercial steel (enamel coated) We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. 18. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. Thermal conductivities of common metals, metallic elements aand alloys. Overview. 16. 22Our market analysis draws on our multi-commodity capabilities across nickel, ferroalloys and steel to provide an in-depth examination of stainless steel flat products globally. The following are Typical C factors used in the Hazen. 16. 79. 882 kcal/h m 2 o C - Unit Converter; Note that these coefficients are very rough. The constant volume law governs the bending process, the bend material particles distribution, and deformation types are also crucial for this process. K-Factors for Aluminum, Cold Rolled Steel and Stainless ALUMINUM Thickness Radius 0. The coefficient. Another way to calculate this value is with the K-factor or Y-factor. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. 1 mm and bend radius as 1 \text { mm} 1 mm. 0, 115 metric. 2 bar (60 psi) maximum PRESSURE END CONNECTION 1/2" BSPT (1/2” NPT Optional) K-FACTOR K-42 Standard (K-2. 15 K = 0. Our food grade anti-seize lubricants are designed to prevent friction, seizing, and galling in stainless steel and other metal parts within food processing machinery. W. K-Factor 1000 PPG (291 PPL) (2) K-Factor 100 PPG (26 PPL) (2) K-Factor 2500 PPG (660 PPL) (2) K-Factor 215PPG (57 PPL) (2) 2M Cable, 8 Blade CD4MCU Stainless Steel Rotor (2). However, bottom. The K factor is defined as the ratio of the thickness of a material to the length from the neutrality bend line to the inner bend radius. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. 3 applications in excess of the 500psi (34. 16. 33: K factor:. 1'' In addition to the standard AISIThe spring constant of each short wire is larger by a factor of 10. Requirement is based on minimum flow in GPM from each sprinkler. EN 12201 - Polyethylene (PE) Pipes for Water Supply, and for Drainage and Sewerage under Pressure - Dimensions Dimensions of PE pipes according EN 12201. Compared to the k-factor (for the neutral axis shift), the K-factor is a breeze to calculate. v = Velocity of the incompressible fluid. Spanish / español. Hot Working. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. . 7 min read. 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. 6 K-factor Sprinklers with a temperature rating of 280°F (138°C a) re not sutai be l for recessed installations. Bulletin 184. Conductive heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as. 9 mm), SUS430 (t = 1. Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. Its carbon content is ≤0. 88CO 2 eq. 001. 33: K factor:. 0. K-Factor. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. Standard Metric; S-256-X: 2-56. Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Deduction Chart (Excel) BEND DEDUCTION; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. Below 10. We deduce then the friction factor, the Chézy coefficient and the mean flow velocity (Chézy equation). Increasing expansion occurs with silicon, tungsten, titanium, silver, iron, nickel, steel, gold, copper, tin, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lead, potassium, sodium, and. Under the relatively light load of 0. A2 Stainless Steel; Set Screws. 1. Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. The tool can calculate the required bending force for bending aluminum, stainless steel, mild steel, and Weldox® or Strenx® high-strength steels. Recycled steel 1kg = 0. These are 304 SS material. 10 ±10% (Actual Value Printed on Each Package) Gage Factor Tolerance Per Package 1. 5, leading to a K-Factor of approximately . v = flow velocity (m/s, ft/s) minor loss can also be expressed as head water column - mm H2O or. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout Europe, for the informatio n of the user: • Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with EN 10088-1:2005 • Mechanical properties are in accordanc e with EN 10088-2:2005, except for heThe thickness of sheet metal is also an important factor, and it can range from extremely thin to several centimeters. radius. h l = Head Loss (m/100 m). MODEL F1 - Stainless Steel H - Bronze MOUNTING Pendent MAXIMUM WORKING 12 bar (175 psi) PRESSURE RECOMMENDED 2. The only study available in the literature for the SCFs of SST joints is by Feng and Young [9], who examined the SCFs of stainless steel SHS and rectangular hollow section (RHS) tubular X-joints. Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. Base part number is shown. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. 2 m 2. 33 to . This article discusses the properties and applications of stainless steel grade 304 (UNS S30400). ρ f = density of fluid (kg/m 3 , slugs /ft 3 ) . thick, we multiply this thickness by the K-factor to arrive at 0. To work the following formula, you need to convert the inside bend radius and material thickness measurements from inches to millimeters. 5% chromium and usually nickel, and may also contain other elements, such as carbon, to obtain the desired properties. S. Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties, advanced property. Water - Thermal Conductivity vs. Usually, we secure the screws with Loctite 242. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . It also has variants with low carbon and high nitrogen. ) Asbestos cementK Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. Choose the appropriate sheet metal gauge table. m -1. For the completely rough regime, the value of Β' is equal a constant. 0) Pendent; Concealed Pendent;316 Stainless Steel, Steel, Brass and Monel® Alloy 400 construction Inline and angle patterns Wide variety of US Customary and SI ports Panel mountable 100% factory tested Optional color coded handles Specifications Pressure Ratings: 316 Stainless Steel: 5000 psig (345 bar) CWP Brass, Steel and Monel® Alloy 400: 3000 psig (207 bar) CWPNote 4: NFPA 13 requires that steel pipe used in a sprinkler or a standpipe system be either Schedule 10 or Schedule 40 pipe. The k-factor is found by dividing time by the thickness of the material: The formula for the k-factor is t/Mt. Coefficients for some common materials used in ducts and pipes are indicated below: Fluid Flow Friction Loss - Hazen-Williams Coefficients vs. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. K-factors can be determined by using the following equation: K = Q/P 1/2, where K is represented by gallons per minute, or gpm/psi 1/2, Q is flow rate in gpm. The heat transfer convection coefficient for air is 50 W/m 2 K . The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . (Type X,Y,K,L,M), HDPE (SDR 7. For 6 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. 1 percent carbon, Carbon Steel also contains various other alloying elements like manganese (1. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. The inside surface temperature of the steel is 800 K and the outside surface temperature of the insulation board is 350 K. 1mm using an amada pressbrake. K-factor Calculator. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). The four types stainless steels used in this study were SUS410 (t = 3. where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. Mater. 25, it means that the neutral layer is located at 25% of the thickness of the part sheet metal material. 33 K factor 0. 8 times the steel plate thickness and 1. 2% Offset Strength in 2 in. If you were to re-use PTFE coated studs, the corrosion-resistant coating on the threads will most likely. The K-factor is simply the tangent of half the bend angle. Material. There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round,. 69) in which yi and xi stand for the mole fractions of component i. A com plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. 90. Zheng, C. 6 k-factor 1/2 inch npt sprinklers figure 3 poly-stainless series ty-b standard response upright (ty4151) and pendent (ty4251) 8. Stainless steel prevents rusting because of its composition. The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. ) 3. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. 1 8. On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. where . They are available with aluminum or copper windings and in all three temperature rise ratings. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. In determining horsepower consumption, “K” factors must be used. You could be the first review for Silver Fern. F f = μ N (1). . To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm. stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. units by 10. Editor: J. C. 8 meter per square second) D = Diameter of. UN8 Thread Series Caution: Stainless steel fasteners tend to gall, especially with long run downs, prevailing torque fasteners, impactThis tool allows you to determine tonnage, internal radius, V-die opening and minimum flange. Bend Radii And K Factors For 304 Stainless Steel. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. For plate under 2mm, K-factor is 0. Type 304 has good processability, weldability,. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to material thickness (as shown in the equation below). Stainless steel grade 430 is a non-hardenable steel containing straight chromium, and belongs to the ferritic group of steels. The effect of this minimum level creates a chromium oxide layer on the surface, which is a self-healing oxygen barrier that stops further oxidation. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. Due to the addition of Molybdenum (Mo), SS 316 has a great improvement in corrosion resistance and certain properties compared to SS304. Prefix- (S)Steel - (CLS)Stainless Steel. 4301). The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. 75 degrees of springback. Friction loss and velocity diagrams - in imperial (psi/100 ft, ft/s) and SI (Pa/100m, m/s) units. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. 446 × 0. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. You use a gauge table and bend table in one table. PRELIMINARY Document Number: 002-19207 Rev. The thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is 19 W/(m K) and the thermal conductivity of the insulation board is 0. 50 in practical use. 33 K factor 0. 33 for each. The lockwasher serves as a spring while the bolt is being tightened. 446 inch. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. 2, as per my machine design textbook (V. 4162 C3 (Medium) Coastal areas with low deposits of saltLinear thermal expansion coefficients of metals including aluminum, steel, bronze, iron, brass, copper, gold, silver, invar, magnesium, nickel, titanium and zinc are given in the following thermal expansion coefficients chart. 05. For 18- and 20-ga. M 12, with starting torque Ma = 62Nm and heat treatment at 540°C 1,004°F), 21hr, bolt material: no. 1 mm). 3. Temperaturepressure regulators—k series 1 pipe, weld, vcr, vco fittings standard tubing modular systemd hose / flexible tubing bellows, diaphragm valves ball plug valves check relief valves needle metering valves k sries rgulars instrument systems manifold measurement devices references medium- high- pressure tube fittings pressure regulators k seriesThis will have an effective length factor K associated. This study provides comparative durability data for K wires made. It contains a much higher amount of chromium than carbon steel. Henkel’s food grade anti-seize lubricants feature temperature. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. If the flow rate and the frequency are known for each calibration point, the K-factor for that point is determined as well. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. If a material is 0. g = Acceleration due to gravity (value of g is 9. It is defined as the fraction of energy being emitted relative to that emitted by a thermally black surface (a black body). This means that the neutral axis cannot migrate past the midpoint of the material (i.